Child Health in India: 14 out of 20 States Cut Spending on Key Programs

Despite greater fiscal autonomy and higher tax revenues shared by the Centre with states, 14 of 20 states surveyed cut spending on a key nutrition program–Supplementary Nutrition Program or SNP–that bridges the gap between a child’s actual and ideal dietary needs, according to an analysis of national health-spending data. The SNP is the most popular service under the national child-support system–the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)–as it is used by 35.6 percent of urban and 53 percent rural residents, according to data from the National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4). As many as 55 percent and 61 percent of India’s lowest and second-lowest income classes, respectively, depend on the ICDS. The fall in funding could jeopardize not just child health but, as a consequence, future productivity and economic growth; these cuts come three years after the Centre increased the states’ share of net tax revenues from 32 percent to 42 percent and at a time when two out of three nutritional parameters improved over 10 years to 2016.

The greater share of net tax revenues to the states followed the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission in 2015. The funding cuts made to the SNP by the 14 states range from 3 percent to 55 percent over a year to 2016-17, according to a February 2018 budget brief published by the Accountability Initiative, a division of the Centre for Policy Research, a think tank. The other six states–Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Karnataka–increased funding to the SNP over the same period (by 3 percent to 22 percent), data from the brief revealed. The states that cut funding are: Jammu and Kashmir, West Bengal, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Tripura, Orissa, Kerala, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, and Nagaland.

Children are better off than before, but progress is slow

Spending on child health is central to making Indian children healthier–India currently trails not just emerging economies but many poorer countries on most parameters–the country’s future workforce being more productive and increasing economic growth, IndiaSpend reported in March 2018. India has slowly improved its ranking on a global healthcare access and quality index from 153 in 1990 to 145 in 2016, yet it ranks lower than neighboring Bangladesh and even sub-Saharan Sudan and Equatorial Guinea, we reported on May 23, 2018. Over 10 years to 2015-16, the proportion of Indian children stunted–short for their age–went down from 38 percent to 28 percent, underweight (relative to their age) from 43 percent to 36 percent but wasting–thin for their weight–rose from 20 percent to 21 percent, according to NFHS-4 data. The child-care funding cuts come at a time when the central government reduced its allocations to the ministry of women and child development over two years to 2016-17, before increasing it over the following two financial years.

Funding cuts impacting anganwadis

Bihar’s anganwadis were the worst affected, with no more than 80 percent working, while Sikkim, Maharashtra and Kerala were the least affected with 99 percent anganwadis operational. As many as 76 percent of child development project officers and additional child development project officers posts were vacant on March 2017 in Maharashtra, while there were no vacancies for the same positions in Bihar and Mizoram, according to the budget brief. West Bengal has the most anganwadi supervisor posts vacant (63 percent) while Madhya Pradesh has the least (17 percent). Nationally, vacancies were unchanged between March 2015 and March 2017, data show. – Business Standard